## Problem:

Reversi is a two player board game which is played on a 10 x 10 grid of cells. Each player has an allocated color, Black ( First Player ) or White ( Second Player ) being conventional. Players take turns placing a stone of their color on a single cell. A player must place a stone on the board, in such a position that there exists at least one straight (horizontal, vertical, or diagonal) occupied line between the new stone and another stone of same color, with one or more contiguous other color stone between them.

During a game, any stone of the opponent’s color that are in a straight line and bounded by the stone just placed and another stone of the current player’s color are turned over to the current player’s color. The game will end when the board is completely filled or both the players don’t have any move left. At the end of the game the player with majority of stone will win.

We will play it on an 10 x 10 grid. The top left of the grid is [0,0] and the bottom right is [9,9]. The rule is that a cell[i,j] is connected to any of top, left, right, or bottom cell.

Input:
The input will be a 10 x 10 matrix consisting only of 0,1,2 or 3. Then another line will follow which will contain a number – 1 or 2 which is your player id.

In the given matrix, top-left is [0,0] and bottom-right is [9,9].

In cell[row,column], row increases from top to bottom and column increases from left to right.

The cell marked 0 means it doesn’t contain any stones. The cell marked 1 means it contains first player’s stone which is Black in color. The cell marked 2 means it contains second player’s stone which is white in color. The cell marked 3 means it is a valid place for player whose turn it is.

Output:
Print the coordinates of the cell separated by space, where you want to play your move. You must take care that you don’t print invalid coordinates. For example, [1] might be a valid coordinate in the game play if cell[i,j]=3, but [10] will never be. Also if you play an invalid move or your code exceeds the time/memory limit while determining the move, you lose the game.

Starting state
The starting state of the game is the state of the board before the game starts.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


First Input
This is the input give to the first player at the start of the game.

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 3 2 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 1 2 3 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1


Scoring
The scores are calculated by running tournament of all submissions. Your latest submission will be taken into tournament. Scores are assigned according to the Glicko-2 rating system. For more information and questions, see Bot problem judge.

SAMPLE INPUT

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 3 2 1 3 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 3 1 1 2 3 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1
SAMPLE OUTPUT
4 3

Explanation

This is player 1’s turn, and the player puts his/her stone in cell[4,3].
After his/her move the state of game becomes:

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 3 1 2 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 3 1 1 2 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0
0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0


This state will be fed as input to program of player 2.

Time Limit:1.0 sec(s) for each input file.
Memory Limit: 256 MB
Source Limit: 1024 KB
Marking Scheme:Marks are awarded if any testcase passes.
Allowed Languages:C, CPP, CLOJURE, CSHARP, D, ERLANG, FSHARP, GO, GROOVY, HASKELL, JAVA, JAVA8, JAVASCRIPT, JAVASCRIPT_NODE, LISP, LISP_SBCL, LUA, OBJECTIVEC, OCAML, OCTAVE, PASCAL, PERL, PHP, PYTHON, PYTHON3, R, RACKET, RUBY, RUST, SCALA, SWIFT, VB

## What is the dumbest code ever made that has become famous?

BogoSort is a moderately well-known algorithm to sort a list. Here’s how it works:

1. Put the elements of the list in a random order.
2. Check if the list is sorted. If not, start over.

BogoSort has an average running time of O((n+1)!), which is not very good. It is also the rare algorithm which has NO worst-case running time; if the input has at least two elements, it is possible for the algorithm to run for any amount of time.

Source: Quora

## CodeEval: Penultimate Word

### Challenge Description:

Write a program which finds the next-to-last word in a string.

### Input Sample:

Your program should accept as its first argument a path to a filename. Input example is the following

some line with text
another line

Each line has more than one word.

### Output Sample:

Print the next-to-last word in the following way.

with
another

## CodeEval: Shortest Repetition

### Challenge Description:

Write a program to determine the shortest repetition in a string.
A string is said to have period p if it can be formed by concatenating one or more repetitions of another string of length p. For example, the string “xyzxyzxyzxyz” has period 3, since it is formed by 4 repetitions of the string “xyz”. It also has periods 6 (two repetitions of “xyzxyz”) and 12 (one repetition of “xyzxyzxyzxyz”).

### Input Sample:

Your program should accept as its first argument a path to a filename. Each line will contain a string of up to 80 non-blank characters. E.g.

abcabcabcabc
bcbcbcbcbcbcbcbcbcbcbcbcbcbc
dddddddddddddddddddd
adcdefg

### Output Sample:

Print out the smallest period of the input string. E.g.

3
2
1
7

## CodeEval: PASS TRIANGLE

### CHALLENGE DESCRIPTION:

By starting at the top of the triangle and moving to adjacent numbers on the row below, the maximum total from top to bottom is 27.

   5
9 6
4 6 8
0 7 1 5

5 + 9 + 6 + 7 = 27

### INPUT SAMPLE:

Your program should accept as its first argument a path to a filename. Input example is the following:

5
9 6
4 6 8
0 7 1 5

You make also check full input file which will be used for your code evaluation.

### OUTPUT SAMPLE:

The correct output is the maximum sum for the triangle. So for the given example the correct answer would be 27

## HackerRank: Gemstones

### Problem

John has discovered various rocks. Each rock is composed of various elements, and each element is represented by a lower-case Latin letter from ‘a’ to ‘z’. An element can be present multiple times in a rock. An element is called a gem-element if it occurs at least once in each of the rocks.

Given the list of N rocks with their compositions, display the number of gem-elements that exist in those rocks.

Input Format

The first line consists of an integer, N, the number of rocks.
Each of the next N lines contains a rock’s composition. Each composition consists of lower-case letters of English alphabet.

Constraints
1N100
Each composition consists of only lower-case Latin letters (‘a’-‘z’).
1≤ length of each composition 100

Output Format

Print the number of gem-elements that are common in these rocks. If there are none, print 0.

Sample Input

3
abcdde
baccd
eeabg


Sample Output

2


Explanation

Only “a” and “b” are the two kinds of gem-elements, since these are the only characters that occur in every rock’s composition.

## HackerRank: The Love-Letter Mystery

### Problem

James found a love letter his friend Harry has written for his girlfriend. James is a prankster, so he decides to meddle with the letter. He changes all the words in the letter into palindromes.

To do this, he follows two rules:

1. He can reduce the value of a letter, e.g. he can change d to c, but he cannot change c to d.
2. In order to form a palindrome, if he has to repeatedly reduce the value of a letter, he can do it until the letter becomes a. Once a letter has been changed to a, it can no longer be changed.

Each reduction in the value of any letter is counted as a single operation. Find the minimum number of operations required to convert a given string into a palindrome.

Input Format

The first line contains an integer T, i.e., the number of test cases.
The next T lines will contain a string each. The strings do not contain any spaces.

Constraints
1T10
1 length of string 10^4
All characters are lower case English letters.

Output Format

A single line containing the number of minimum operations corresponding to each test case.

Sample Input

4
abc
abcba
abcd
cba


Sample Output

2
0
4
2


Explanation

1. For the first test case, abc -> abb -> aba.
2. For the second test case, abcba is already a palindromic string.
3. For the third test case, abcd -> abcc -> abcb -> abca = abca -> abba.
4. For the fourth test case, cba -> bba -> aba.

## HackerRank: Alternating Characters

### Problem

Shashank likes strings in which consecutive characters are different. For example, he likes ABABA, while he doesn’t like ABAA. Given a string containing characters A and B only, he wants to change it into a string he likes. To do this, he is allowed to delete the characters in the string.

Input Format

The first line contains an integer T, i.e. the number of test cases.
The next T lines contain a string each.

Output Format

For each test case, print the minimum number of deletions required.

Constraints

1T10
1≤ length of string 10^5

Sample Input

5
AAAA
BBBBB
ABABABAB
BABABA
AAABBB


Sample Output

3
4
0
0
4


Explanation

AAAA A, 3 deletions
BBBBB B, 4 deletions
ABABABAB ABABABAB, 0 deletions
BABABA BABABA, 0 deletions
AAABBB AB, 4 deletions because to convert it to AB we need to delete 2 A’s and 2 B’s

## HackerRank: Modified Kaprekar Numbers

### Problem:

A modified Kaprekar number is a positive whole number n with d digits, such that when we split its square into two pieces – a right hand piece r with d digits and a left hand piece l that contains the remaining d or d1 digits, the sum of the pieces is equal to the original number (i.e. l + r = n).

Note: r may have leading zeros.

Here’s an explanation from Wikipedia about the ORIGINAL Kaprekar Number (spot the difference!): In mathematics, a Kaprekar number for a given base is a non-negative integer, the representation of whose square in that base can be split into two parts that add up to the original number again. For instance, 45 is a Kaprekar number, because 45² = 2025 and 20+25 = 45.

You are given the two positive integers p and q, where p is lower than q. Write a program to determine how many Kaprekar numbers are there in the range between p and q (both inclusive) and display them all.

Input Format

There will be two lines of input: p, lowest value q, highest value

Constraints:
0<p<q<100000

Output Format

Output each Kaprekar number in the given range, space-separated on a single line. If no Kaprekar numbers exist in the given range, print INVALID RANGE.

Sample Input

1
100


Sample Output

1 9 45 55 99

Explanation

1, 9, 45, 55, and 99 are the Kaprekar Numbers in the given range.